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Tunnel Structure Intelligent Monitoring and Early Warning Solution

This solution addresses the structural health monitoring needs of tunnel engineering by employing the DTSS distributed optical fiber strain and temperature monitoring system (BOTDR technology). Through sensing cables embedded in the tunnel lining, it enables continuous monitoring of key parameters such as surrounding rock stress-strain, deformation, and cracks. Combined with cross-section laser rangefinders, it constructs a multi-dimensional, full-life-cycle intelligent monitoring system, achieving safety early warning and risk management from construction to operation phases.

System Architecture Design

Hardware Deployment:

  • Armored single-mode sensing cables (compatible with DTSS system) installed along the tunnel lining, supporting a maximum monitoring distance of 100 km.

  • Laser rangefinders deployed at critical cross-sections to accurately monitor tunnel convergence deformation.

  • Integration of fiber optic demodulators (DTSS) and data acquisition networks for real-time data fusion and analysis.

Technical Parameters:

  • Strain measurement range: -2% (compression) to +3% (tension)

  • Temperature measurement range: -270°C to +800°C (depending on optical fiber material)

  • Spatial resolution: 0.5 m

  • Measurement accuracy: Strain ±5με, Temperature ±0.5°C

  • Sampling time: ≥5 seconds (adaptable for long-distance monitoring)

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Intelligent Monitoring Mechanism

Multi-Parameter Integrated Monitoring:

  • Real-time collection of strain distribution data in surrounding rock, identifying localized stress concentration areas.

  • Synchronous monitoring of temperature field changes to assist in detecting environmental anomalies such as leakage or frost heaving.

  • Combined with laser rangefinder data, precise analysis of tunnel cross-section convergence deformation trends.

Risk Warning and Response:

  • Automatic triggering of alerts for cracks and deformation exceeding thresholds (configurable).

  • Generation of anomaly location reports (accuracy ±5 m).

  • Support for multi-level warning mechanisms to enable graded response and handling.

Data Management:

  • Cloud platform integration of multi-source monitoring data for visualized tunnel health status.

  • Periodic health assessment reports with support for historical data review and analysis.

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Performance Metrics

Monitoring Performance:

  • Coverage distance: Up to 100 km per channel (supports multi-channel expansion).

  • Data update frequency: Minimum 5 seconds per cycle (configurable for continuous monitoring mode).

  • Positioning accuracy: ±0.5 m (spatial resolution).

System Reliability:

  • Operating temperature: -10°C to 55°C (equipment environmental adaptability).

  • Optical fiber lifespan: ≥25 years (full-life-cycle monitoring).

  • Failure rate: <1% (redundant cable design supports breakpoint continuation).

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BIM System Integration

Data Connectivity:

  • Monitoring data automatically syncs with BIM models for real-time visualization of tunnel health

  • Each sensor has clear location markers in the BIM model

Smart Alerts:

  • Automatic warnings and problem localization in BIM when data exceeds thresholds

  • System sends maintenance recommendations to relevant personnel

Collaborative Management:

  • Supports multi-department access to the same BIM model

  • Monitoring data directly links to maintenance work orders, streamlining workflows

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